SOUTH AMERICA BRAZILIAN HIGHLANDS

 ·         Rising from Brazil’s Atlantic coast and level off into high towards the western side of Brazil.

·         Rich in mines, coffee plantation, and cattle ranches.

·         Highland region is characterized by coniferous forest while the drier region is covered with savanna – like grassland (Campos).

 BOLIVIAN PLATEAU OR THE ALTIPLANO

·         An example of intermundane plateau which lies between the two chains of the Andes Mountains in Bolivia.

·         Region with rich deposits of tin.

PLATEAU OF MATO GROSSO

·         Highlands of Brazil.

GRAN CHACO

·           A great lowland countered on western Paraguay, northern Argentina, and south eastern Bolivia.

·         It has warm temperate forest and grassland to the south of Selvas.

·         Dry scrubland used mainly for cattle rearing.

·         It means ‘the hunting land’ in the local language. 

PAMPA

·         Vast monotonous temperate grassland that covers about 20% area of Argentina’s heartland.

·         One of the world’s greatest agricultural regions for grain and beef.

·         Alfa- Alfa, a nutritious leguminous grass is grown for commercial grazing.

PATAGONIA PLATEAU

·         Piedmont plateau of the southern Argentina, rain shadow region with little rain called Patagonia desert.

·         Grazing land for sheep and cattle.

AFRICA

INTRODUCTION

Area: 3, 03, 35,000 sq. km (20.4% of total area Madagascar and other islands of Africa)

Population: 778.5 million

Latitude: 37˚ 31’ N to 34˚ 52’ S

Longitude: 25˚ 11’ W to 51˚ 24’ E

Size: second largest continent after Asia and nine times the size of India.

Africa is called as the ‘dark continent’ because the greater part of its vast interior remained little known to the outside world until the last century.

Situation: situated to the south of Europe and south west of Asia. It is bound by the Mediterranean Sea in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and southwest, the Indian Ocean in the east and the red sea in the northeast. Africa belongs to all the four hemispheres and bulk of the continent lies in tropics. It is joined to Asia by the narrow isthmus of sues and separated from Eurasia at three different points bulk of the continent lies in tropics. It is joined to Asia by the narrow isthmus of sues and separated from Eurasia at three different points bulk of the continent lies in tropics. It is joined to Asia by the narrow is thymus of sues and separated from Eurasia at three different points (strait of Gibraltar, Suez Canal and the strain of bob-el-made). The only continent which is crossed by tropic of cancer, equator and tropic of Capricorn.